Karyotypes

Karyotypes

Definition: the number and visual appearance of the 

chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.

Autosomes: Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome(22 pairs)

Sex chromosomes is a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds

1. 
   Gitig, Diana. "Some Genetic Disorders May Be Caused By Defects We Couldn’T Detect". Ars Technica, 2019, https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/11/some-genetic-disorders-may-be-caused-by-defects-we-couldnt-detect/.
2. 
   
3. Reflection
4. Karyotypes are something that I was not familiar with and still I have a lot to learn about them because this is the first year i've ever learned about it
5. 
   

R

Nitrogen Cycle

"Nitrogen Cycle | Bioninja". Ib.Bioninja.Com.Au, 2019, http://ib.bioninja.com.au/options/option-c-ecology-and-conser/c6-nitrogen-and-phosphorus/nitrogen-cycle.html.

The nitrogen cycle is the series of processes by which nitrogen and its compounds are interconverted in the environment and in living organisms, including nitrogen fixation and decomposition.

Step 1 - Nitrogen Fixation - Nitrogen is absorbed into organic compounds

Step 2 - Nitrification - oxidation of ammonia or ammonium to nitrite

Step 3 - Ammonification - Bacteria or fungi convert the organic nitrogen within the remains back into ammonium

Step 4 - Denitrification -  the loss or removal of nitrogen or nitrogen compounds

Abiogenesis

ABIOGENESIS

• Abiogenesis is basically the origin of life
• States life on earth originated from non-living compounds
• Not scientifically proved
• Life was created by an almost impossible scenario including gases

Sickle Cell Anemia - Reagan Peters

-Sickle Cell Anemia is a condition that causes some of a person's red blood cells to become misshapen and unhealthy.
-Might cause joint pain, sudden chest pain and shortness of breath.
-Causes blood to clot easier.
-Life expectancy: 48 years average.

Summary: Sickle Cell Anemia is a life-altering disorder. There is no care but there are some treatments. This was the most interesting blog topic I've researched so far.

“Sickle Cell Disease (for Teens).” Edited by Robin E. Miller, KidsHealth, The Nemours Foundation, July 2018, kidshealth.org/en/teens/sickle-cell-anemia.html.

Mutations - Grace Moore

What a mutation is

A mutation is when a DNA gene is damaged or altered in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene. 

Though when dealing with genetics there are no normal, mutations often some u physically in the form of what is not seen as normal or common, like having an extra finger.  

A mutation is either due to mistakes when the DNA is copied or as the result of environmental factors such as UV light and cigarette smoke.

“Basic Genetics.” Https://Kintalk.org, kintalk.org/genetics-101/.

Cell Organelle: Ribosomes

Cell Organelle: Ribosomes 

•Ribosomes are protein builders or the protein synthesizers of the cell•

Facts 

•Ribosomes are special because they are

found in both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes 

•There organelles composed of ribosomal

proteins and ribonucleic acids 
•Ribosomes translate information from the cell nucleus
•Ribosomes translate information encoded in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)
•They can link up with animo acids at the rate of
200 per minute



“Ribosome.” British Society for Cell Biology, bscb.org/learning-resources/softcell-e-learning/ribosome/.

Human Genome Project

Human Genome Project

The Human Genome Project is an international research project that studied the sequencing of nucleotide base pairs and the combinations for the DNA makeup of humans.

About the Human Genome Project: 

- The HGP has revealed that there are probably about 20,500 human genes.
- Was made as a detailed information about the structure, organization and function of the complete set of human genes.
- The Human Genome Project formally began in 1990 and was completed in 2003.
- The Human Genome Project has already found the discovery of more than 1,800 disease genes.
- There are now more than 2,000 genetic tests for human conditions.

Citations:

- “Human Genome Project Information Archive1990–2003.” Human Genome Project Information, web.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/index.shtml.
- “The Human Genome Project.” NHGRI​, www.genome.gov/human-genome-project.